![]() ![]() ).Īnd such / and so on = and more similar things Cities such as London are becoming more powerful politically (= cities like London.B: Such as? (= please give an example of a film) A: Is Lucy your boss now? B: Not as such (= not exactly) but she does work for the same company.(= we're not going to have a normal dinner, but. We're not going to have dinner as such, but there will be plenty of snacks.We usually use this in the negative ('not as such') (= I'd never heard this kind of music before.)Īs such (formal) = in the normal meaning of the word. Such + noun = a certain type or kind of (this is quite formal) Here are a few more idiomatic uses of 'such' and 'so' that are slightly different from what we have already seen. Try an exercise about 'so' and 'such' here. (We sometimes see 'such a little + noun' but that is when 'little' is just a normal adjective: 'this is such a little flat'.) He had so few friends that he was very lonely.As usual, we use a plural noun after 'many' and 'few' and an uncountable noun after 'much' and 'little'. This shows that the amount is really a lot or really little. We use 'so' before 'much / many / little / few' with and without a noun. I don't often drink such a lot of coffee (= I don't often drink as much coffee as this).He isn't usually so late (= he isn't usually as late as this).We can use 'so' and 'such' to mean 'to this level' or 'as. They have such a lot of books they need to store some of them in the garage!.It was such an expensive meal he didn't spend any money for the rest of the month.She felt so tired she fell asleep on the train.We can drop 'that' when we use 'so' and 'such' in this way. They have such a lot of books that they need to store some of them in the garage (= because they have really a lot of books, they need to store some of them in the garage).It was such an expensive meal that he didn't spend any money for the rest of the month (= because it was a very expensive meal, he didn't spend any money for the rest of the month).She felt so tired that she fell asleep on the train (= because she was very tired, she fell asleep on the train).It was so cold that the pond froze (= because it was very cold, the pond froze).(We can't use 'very' or 'really' in this way.) that.' to show that there is a certain result. (Instead say 'your friend is so helpful'.) (Instead say 'this city is so beautiful'.) 'So' and 'such' come directly after the verb. We don't use a word like 'this' or 'those' or 'your' or 'his' before 'so' and 'such'. You're such a teacher! (= you act in a typical way for a teacher).He's such a genius! (= he's a real genius / he's very clever).When we use 'such' directly with a noun, it's often a noun that shows our opinion. The children spoke such good French (= the children spoke really good French). ![]() It was such delicious food (= it was really delicious food).He got such a good time in the race (= he got a very good time in the race).She was such a beautiful woman (= she was a very beautiful woman).If there is 'a' or 'an', it goes after 'such'. We use 'such' before a noun or an adjective + a noun. The children spoke French so well (= the children spoke French very well).The food was so delicious (= the food was really delicious).He ran so quickly (= he ran very quickly).She was so beautiful (= she was very beautiful).We use 'so' before an adjective or adverb (without a noun). It makes the sentence stronger and shows that there is a high level of something. We often use 'so' and 'such' to mean 'very' or 'really'. ![]()
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